Because of the profound implications of information/ misinformation sharing through these platforms, the situation has come to a point wherein experts cannot weigh their opinion on such a crucial topic. More so, in a space where public expression is meant to be the key. The incident, however, highlights how the lack of accurate information around several theories is blurring the line between facts and misinformation. Twitter marking it as misinformation is hence, not a completely baseless move. Note that Luigi's tweet claimed that people vaccinated with mRNA-based vaccines shed spike proteins, an idea that has repeatedly been rejected by scientists from around the world. Though that still means that he will be locked out of his Twitter account until Twitter reviews the appeal. Luigi could appeal for the said violation being a mistake, and he did. Credit: Science Photo Library / Alamy Stock Photo The now infamous condition long COVID presents as. Though it was not specified which rules were violated by the tweet, it is likely that the content was marked for misinformation. By Sasha Warren on JA SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ( red) being made by a ribosome. They added microscopic beads covered in antibodies to blood plasma from 37 people. A report on the tweet left Luigi with only an option of deleting it for violating Twitter Rules. The researchers searched for the spike protein by using a technique designed for identifying individual proteins. PMID 21816910.The appeal was to contest Twitter's decision to block the content from public view. "Synthetic spike-in standards for RNA-seq experiments". Zhang, Yu Li, Renhua Salit, Marc Gingeras, Thomas R. ^ a b c Jiang, Lichun Schlesinger, Felix Davis, Carrie A."Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns with a Complementary DNA Microarray". mRNA, which is the technology used in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, degrades in the body naturally after a few days, and the spike protein it creates. ^ Schena, Mark Shalon, Dari Davis, Ronald W.DNA Microarrays, Part B: Databases and Statistics. " Use of External Controls in Microarray Experiments". "A quantitative assay for DNA-RNA hybrids with DNA immobilized on a membrane". "Estimation and correction of non-specific binding in a large-scale spike-in experiment". ^ Schuster EF, Blanc E, Partridge L, Thornton JM (2007)."Microarray data quality - review of current developments". "Normalization of low-density microarray using external spike-in controls: analysis of macrophage cell lines expression profile". ^ a b c d Fardin P, Moretti S, Biasotti B, Ricciardi A, Bonassi S, Varesio L (2007).Use of external controls in microarray experiments. In the case of gene expression assay microarrays or RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), RNA spike-ins are used. With the advent of DNA microarray chips in the 1990s and the commercialization of high-throughput methods for sequencing and RNA detection assays, manufacturers of hybridization assay "kits" started to provide pre-developed spike-ins. These controls became known as "spike-ins". The spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2-S) interacts with the human ACE2 receptor to gain entry into a cell to initiate infection. In such assays, positive control oligonucleotides are necessary to provide a standard for comparison of target sequence concentration, and to check and correct for nonspecific binding that is, incidental binding of the RNA to non- complementary DNA sequences. Nucleic acid hybridization assays have been used for decades to detect specific sequences of DNA or RNA, with a DNA microarray precursor used as early as 1965. The degree of hybridization between the spike-ins and the control probes is used to normalize the hybridization measurements of the sample RNA. A known quantity of RNA spike-in is mixed with the experiment sample during preparation. This process of specific binding is called hybridization. Ī spike-in is designed to bind to a DNA molecule with a matching sequence, known as a control probe. RNA spike-ins are short synthetic RNA polymers.Īn RNA spike-in is an RNA transcript of known sequence and quantity used to calibrate measurements in RNA hybridization assays, such as DNA microarray experiments, RT-qPCR, and RNA-Seq. Three-dimensional structure of an RNA molecule.
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